Lameness in young large-breed dogs: differentials by age
In young large-breed dogs with lameness, which combination of age and clinical findings is correct?
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A. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy: dogs aged 12–18 months with mild lameness and no systemic signs
It mainly affects puppies aged 2–6 months and usually causes fever, anorexia and warm, painful metaphyseal swelling.
B. Panosteitis: from about 5 to 18 months, more in male German Shepherds, with shifting lameness and pain on pressing the diaphysis
Correct. It is self-limiting and recognised by pain on deep pressure over long-bone diaphyses (ulna, radius, humerus, femur, tibia), with normal joints.
C. Shoulder osteochondritis dissecans: common from 3 years of age
Signs usually begin between 4 and 10 months. Its osteoarthritic sequelae may be seen in adults, but it does not first appear at that age.
D. Fragmented medial coronoid process: signs appear only after 2 years of age
It usually causes lameness from 5–12 months, with elbow effusion and pain on flexion-extension with supination, although some dogs are diagnosed as adults with osteoarthritis.
lightbulb Key takeaway
In young dogs, age and the site of pain order the differentials: metaphysis and fever in the young puppy (hypertrophic osteodystrophy), diaphysis and shifting lameness (panosteitis), joint effusion (osteochondrosis, elbow dysplasia). Developmental diseases may coexist: examine every joint.
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Updated: October 31, 2026 · Educational content for veterinary professionals. It does not replace current clinical guidelines or the judgement of the attending veterinarian.