Dog adopted from an endemic area: screening for vector-borne disease

Question

2-year-old Galgo, taken in by a shelter in Seville during the summer, to be adopted in the Netherlands in September. It is healthy. Tests for Leishmania, Dirofilaria, Ehrlichia and Anaplasma done on intake at the shelter in August were negative.

Which statement is correct?

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A. With negative tests infection can be ruled out and they need not be repeated

A negative result shortly after exposure does not rule out infection: tests take months to turn positive. This dog was exposed at the height of the vector season.

B. Leishmania serology and the Dirofilaria antigen test should be repeated about 6 months later, because the incubation and prepatent periods are long

Correct. Seroconversion to Leishmania can take months, and Dirofilaria antigen is only detectable about 6 months after infection. The adopter and the destination vet should be told so the tests are repeated.

C. A blood Leishmania PCR is enough, as a negative result rules out infection

Blood PCR has low sensitivity; a negative result does not rule out infection. That is why it is combined with serology and repeated over time.

D. Screening is pointless, because there are no vectors in the Netherlands and even if infected it poses no risk

The dog may fall ill in the destination country, where these diseases are rarely considered, and Leishmania can be transmitted vertically or by transfusion. Rhipicephalus ticks can also become established in homes.

lightbulb Key takeaway

In dogs leaving endemic areas, screen and repeat after 6 months. Also consider Babesia and Hepatozoon (smear or PCR) if there are signs. Advise against using a positive dog for breeding or as a blood donor.

Which statement is correct?

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