DIC after heatstroke in dogs: treatment
4-year-old French Bulldog hospitalised for heatstroke. He was cooled correctly and is receiving fluid therapy. At 18 hours he develops abdominal petechiae, melaena and bleeding at the catheter site.
What is the most appropriate treatment for the coagulopathy?
chevron_right Show answer and explanation
A. Subcutaneous vitamin K1
DIC is not due to vitamin K deficiency but to consumption of clotting factors and platelets. Vitamin K1 does not correct the problem.
B. Fresh frozen plasma to replace clotting factors and antithrombin, together with supportive care
Correct. In DIC with bleeding, plasma replaces consumed clotting factors and natural anticoagulants. At the same time, perfusion must be maintained, the gastrointestinal mucosa protected and glucose, renal function and neurological status monitored.
C. High-dose heparin without plasma, to stop factor consumption
Heparin depends on antithrombin, which is usually consumed in DIC. Using it at high doses in a bleeding patient without replacing factors can worsen haemorrhage.
D. Anti-inflammatory doses of corticosteroids to curb the systemic inflammatory response
There is no evidence of benefit in heatstroke and they increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and infection, in a patient that already has melaena and possible bacterial translocation.
lightbulb Key takeaway
DIC is a common and serious complication of heatstroke, often within the first 24–48 hours. Measure platelets, PT and aPTT on admission and serially. Treat the cause and support with plasma; avoid NSAIDs and corticosteroids.
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Updated: October 31, 2026 · Educational content for veterinary professionals. It does not replace current clinical guidelines or the judgement of the attending veterinarian.