Resuscitation endpoints in shock: when to stop the boluses
Which set of findings best indicates adequate resuscitation?
chevron_right Show answer and explanation
A. Systolic pressure above 90 mmHg, even if tachycardia and weak pulses persist
Blood pressure is a target, but not the only one: it can normalise with persisting tissue hypoperfusion.
B. Falling heart rate, pink mucous membranes with CRT of 1–2 s, strong pulses, MAP ≥ 65 mmHg, urine output ≥ 1 mL/kg/h and falling lactate
Correct. Resuscitation endpoints combine perfusion parameters (examination, blood pressure, urine output, lactate and mentation). No single parameter is enough.
C. Packed cell volume and total protein within the reference range
After acute haemorrhage the packed cell volume takes hours to fall and fluid therapy dilutes it; neither is an indicator of perfusion.
D. Normalisation of rectal temperature
Temperature improves with perfusion, but also with external warming; on its own it does not indicate adequate resuscitation.
lightbulb Key takeaway
After each bolus reassess the same parameters: heart rate, pulse, mucous membranes, CRT, mentation, limb temperature, blood pressure and lactate. Stop when they normalise or if signs of overload appear.
References: AAHA Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats (2024)
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Updated: October 31, 2026 · Educational content for veterinary professionals. It does not replace current clinical guidelines or the judgement of the attending veterinarian.