Bromethalin rodenticide in dogs: why vitamin K does not work
8 kg Miniature Schnauzer that ate several green rodenticide bait blocks 2 hours ago. The owner brings the packaging: the active ingredient is bromethalin. It is asymptomatic.
What is the most appropriate management?
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A. Induce emesis, give repeated doses of activated charcoal and monitor for neurological signs over several days; there is no antidote
Correct. Bromethalin uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and causes cerebral oedema. It undergoes enterohepatic recirculation, so charcoal is repeated, and signs can appear hours or days later.
B. Oral vitamin K1 for 4 weeks
Vitamin K1 is the antidote for anticoagulants. Bromethalin does not affect coagulation, so it is of no use.
C. Measure prothrombin time at 48–72 hours and treat only if it is prolonged
That is the protocol for anticoagulants. With bromethalin the prothrombin time will be normal even if the dog develops cerebral oedema.
D. Prophylactic mannitol and discharge
Mannitol is used for established cerebral oedema, with limited results; it does not replace decontamination or monitoring.
lightbulb Key takeaway
Rodenticide baits look alike: always ask for the packaging to identify the active ingredient (anticoagulant, bromethalin or cholecalciferol). High doses cause an acute convulsant syndrome (tremors, seizures, hyperthermia) and low doses a delayed paralytic syndrome with hindlimb paresis and depression. Cats are more sensitive than dogs.
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Updated: October 31, 2026 · Educational content for veterinary professionals. It does not replace current clinical guidelines or the judgement of the attending veterinarian.