Corneal oedema due to endothelial dystrophy in the dog
9-year-old Boston Terrier with diffuse bluish opacity in both corneas that started temporally and has been progressing for months. No pain. IOP 14 mmHg OD and 15 mmHg OS, no aqueous flare, fluorescein negative. Small vesicles are seen on the corneal surface of the right eye.
Which statement is correct?
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A. Topical corticosteroids will reduce the oedema by controlling inflammation
It is not inflammatory oedema but endothelial pump failure. Corticosteroids do not improve it and, if the vesicles rupture, the resulting ulcer contraindicates them.
B. It is endothelial dystrophy: the endothelium loses its ability to dehydrate the cornea; topical hypertonic saline is palliative and the bullae may rupture and ulcerate
Correct. Progressive loss of endothelial cells in predisposed breeds (Boston Terrier, Chihuahua, Dachshund) causes advancing oedema. Bullous keratopathy brings recurrent ulcers; in advanced cases there are surgical options (thermokeratoplasty, grafts).
C. It is early glaucoma and an ocular hypotensive should be started
IOP is normal in both eyes. Glaucoma oedema is accompanied by raised IOP, pain and often mydriasis and episcleral congestion.
D. It is bilateral anterior uveitis requiring systemic treatment
With no flare, no pain and normal IOP (usually low in uveitis) there is no evidence of uveitis.
lightbulb Key takeaway
Corneal oedema = endothelial or epithelial failure. Before diagnosing endothelial dystrophy, measure IOP and rule out uveitis and lens luxation. Hypertonic saline improves the oedema only slightly; warn that bullous keratopathy can ulcerate and be painful.
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Updated: October 31, 2026 · Educational content for veterinary professionals. It does not replace current clinical guidelines or the judgement of the attending veterinarian.